Loot boxes, problem gambling and problem video gaming: A systematic review and meta-synthesis

Loot boxes (LBs) are video game-related purchases with a chance-based outcome. Due to similarities gambling, they have come under increasing scrutiny from media, academics and policymakers alike. Initial evidence suggested that LB engagement might be associated both problem gambling (PG) gaming (PVG). We therefore conducted systematic review of the for associations between purchasing, PG PVG. For LB/PG, 12 13 publications reported positive relationship, moderately sized mean effect r = .27. LB/PVG, was .40, although this finding drawn only six surveys in total. PG/PVG, .21, 11 20 studies reporting significant effects. While further is required determine direction causality, strength relationships suggests policy action on LBs may benefits harm minimisation.